First off, I would like to thank everyone not only for their positive comments, but also for their interactions period. I think we all have a lot to learn from one another, and constructive arguments and disagreements definitely aide in the transfer of information and knowledge. Lets get to
today's main points.
When discussing the current economic situation here in the U.S., and also on a global basis, a lot of people just don't know what went wrong. How did we get to this point? What are we doing about it? What are "stress tests"? What's the TARP?? Well I think its worth discussing and trying to make sure everyone knows what's going on, because it definitely effects you or at least someone you know.
Lets start with how we got ourselves into this whole mess. Some people say the seeds to this economic disaster were sowed back in the late 90's during the tech boom. This may be so, but I think we entered this mess a few years later through the sub-prime mortgage crisis. What is sup-prime lending? Sub-prime lending is basically when financial institutions (like Fannie Mae and Freddy Mac) who provide credit to buyers who do not meet the prime underwriting guidelines. Now you ask, "why would someone loan money through credit to someone who can't afford it?". Greed. Lenders are supposed to make sure a borrower has enough income, good credit, and assets before they are able to loan money from financial institutions and banks. However, these lenders signed off on mortgages and loans that borrowers could not pay. I think it is a combination of greed, stupidity, and lack of regulation that really accelerated our downward spiral into this recession. So now you have people defaulting on their loans and mortgages, leading to foreclosures which are seized by the lender or bank. Real estate markets are starting to decline, banks are starting to accumulate bad debt on their balance sheets, and the snowball is quickly turning into an avalanche.
This sub-prime crisis began to effect the financial markets, and when markets are effected it means that investor confidence has been rattled. We started seeing 600, 700, and even 800 point drops in the DJIA (Dow Jones Industrial Average). Bad debt had been packaged together and quickly sold into the financial markets, and once it hit the markets there was no turning back. Because so many people were defaulting on loans, banks were stuck with all of these foreclosed properties, and that is the worst possible thing a bank can have on its balance sheet. In response, banks had no other choice but to cut their lending and lines of credit. You could have five cars, an 800 credit score, and a hefty in come and even then it was tough to get a loan. Next we began to see the ripple effect, the global financial sector was stopped right in its tracks. Northern Rock, a British bank, was nationalized by the government because it was hit so hard by the sub-prime mortgages. The Japanese, Middle Eastern, and European markets went ballistic, they were reacting off of the U.S. markets. Places like Dubai had a real estate market collapse and a number of economic problems. Banks stopped lending to one another, which started to lower the LIBOR rate. And so we found ourselves quickly going into crisis mode.
Corporate giants like AIG, Merrill Lynch, Citigroup, Bear Sterns, and Lehman Brothers were on the verge of bankruptcy and destruction. If you would of told me a year ago that Lehman Brothers was going to declare chapter 11 bankruptcy, I would of told you that you were an ignoramus. But, surprisingly, on September 15 the unimaginable happened. Next was Merrill Lynch, who was saved because they were acquired by Bank Of America in December 2008. Citigroup and AIG are on the verge of collapse, even though both have received billions of dollars in bailout money. In my opinion, either the government has to take a larger equity stake in these companies or they have to just let them collapse. That's the vicious yet necessary cycle of capitalism. It's Darwinian evolution, the survival of the fittest. If AIG receives $85 billion in bailout money, and they are still flying corporate jets and throwing parties in Vegas, I say you let them crumble.
This whole crisis is really a difficult thing to summarize and explain. I have listened to Harvard economists and financial experts try to explain it in layman's terms and its near impossible. There are just so many contributing factors that served as catalysts to this economic breakdown. And now, we have to deal with, and our children have to deal with it...
The good news is that we are not going to dive into a depression, and this seems to be a U shaped recession. We won't go into a depression because we have to many economic and financial mechanisms that prevent us from falling back into an era of 25-30% unemployment. Also, back in the 1930's they didn't have the Federal Reserve. The FED has enough cash and power to control this situation, although it does take a lot of time to heal the wounds, we should get out of it eventually. Also, quickly, Nouriel Roubini (an economist I have come to very much respect) believes we will have a U shaped recession lasting 12-18 months. There are different kinds of recessions, V, W, L, U, etc...but a U shaped recession is a shallow drop followed by a stagnant period of no economic growth, and then finally an increase in productivity and a freeing of the credit markets. Its tough to say, most analysts see it as a V or U shaped recession.
What are we doing about this? When the crisis hit, and markets started destabilizing, the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 was conjured up by Secretary Henry Paulson. The "Paulson Plan" pretty much allowed the U.S. Treasury to acquire up to $700 billion in mortgage backed securities. This didn't seem to do the trick, it only really stalled in the inevitable. Next, we saw the largest spending (and yes I call it a spending bill, and not an economic stimulus) in U.S. history. President Obama signed a "stimulus" package worth $787 billion (over $1 trillion once you factor in interest paid). So now we have to sit and wait to see how this money will be distributed and how jobs will be created.
I personally think we need to target the banks, we need to be able to free up credit and get investor confidence back to normal levels. Tim Geitner, who I have my reservations about, has suggested we conduct Bank "stress tests". Roughly 20 different banks with assets of over $100 billion will subjected to this stress test to see if their financials are strong enough to weather the storm. Reuters gives a good description of some of the ways in which banks will be tested, I have listed some of these points bellow:
-"The tests will analyze banks' potential firm-wide losses, including in their loan securities portfolios, as well as from any off-balance sheet commitments and contingent liabilities/exposures over a 2-year period beginning in 2009"
-"The banks' conditions will be tested under two economic scenarios: a baseline scenario and a more adverse scenario."
-"Banks will forecast internal resources available to absorb losses, including pre-provision net revenue and allowance for loan losses."
-"Supervisors will determine whether the institution has a capital buffer sufficient to ensure the bank can preform its vital role in the economy."
The government will not publicly disclose the results of these stress tests. Naturally. But who really knows if this will work, we haven't seen a recession of this magnitude in decades, so we really are just firing into the dark. However, a margin of error is very very very small. Could we see the Swedish model in effect? In which the smallest banks are nationalized, their trouble assets cleaned up on the balance sheet, and then sold over a period of time? Could Obama's spending/stimulus plan create jobs and save the economy? Will we get out of this mess anytime soon!?! I hope so. Stay tuned.